Topography

3.  This year we have emphasized the importance of geography in the development of civilizations.  In this sense we have included in the terms topography, meteorology, climatology.  We have seen how the land (and water), the weather and the climate of an area has affected it development, progress and history.  Explore this topic and what you have learned about the interplay between geography, economics and history this year making you points by providing examples from at least three of the civilizations we have studied this year (including at least one non-European society.  Compare and contrast how the factors have worked in different places at different times.

Cheyenne

Let’s consider the following quotes from Sir William Ramsay, one of the greatest archaeologists in history. In his life he did extensive archaeological work in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Entering into this work he was an unbeliever who was thoroughly convinced that the book of Acts was the product of the 2nd Century (a theory taught in the German schools of higher criticism). As a matter of fact, one of his goals was to prove that the history given by Luke was inaccurate. However, his beliefs were drastically changed as his archaeological finds proved that the book of Acts was accurate to the minutest detail. As a result Sir William Ramsay became a Christian. He writes:

I may fairly claim to have entered on this investigation without prejudice in favour of the conclusion which I shall now seek to justify to the reader. On the contrary, I began with a mind unfavorable to it…but more recently I found myself brought into contact with the Book of Acts as an authority for the topography, antiquities, and society of Asia Minor. It was gradually borne upon me that in various details the narrative showed marvelous truth. In fact, beginning with a fixed idea that the work was essentially a second century composition, and never relying on its evidence as trustworthy for first century conditions, I gradually came to find it a useful ally in some obscure and difficult investigations [14]

Luke is a historian of first rank; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy…this author should be placed along with the very greatest of historians. [15]

In the 19th century, Acts 14:6 was consistently presented as an example of a historical error in the book of Acts. The reason for this is that the verse portrays Paul and Barnabas as entering the province of Lycaonia when they came to Lystra and Derbe. The problem with this was that Iconium, the city they had fled from, was also in Lycaonia. However, this is one of the passages Sir William Ramsay checked for the historical accuracy of Acts. His archaeological finds showed that Iconium was made a part of Phrygia only during A.D. 37-72, both before and after this it was part of Lycaonia. [17] Thus we find that Luke’s statement was written in the one and only period of history that it would be accurate!

At one time, Luke was thought to be totally inaccurate regarding details surrounding the birth of Christ in Luke 2:1-3. The critics once argued that there was no census, Quirinius was governor of Syria at a later date and that citizens did not have to return to their homelands. However, archaeology has shown that the Romans did hold censuses every 14 years. Furthermore, it is now known that Quirinius was likely governor of Syria twice, once around 6 A.D., but the other around 7 B.C., which would correspond to the time of the census of Luke 2. Finally, a papyrus was found in Egypt which gives directions for a Roman census and orders all people away from home to return in preparation of the coming census. [18]

In 1962, two Italian archaeologists dug up a Latin inscription in the town of Caesarea. It read Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judea, has presented the Tiberium to the Caesareans. [19]

This article is archived in the University of Clemson’s online archives. It was submitted by the Spurgeon Foundation of Clemson.

http://www.clemson.edu/spurgeon/books/apology/Chapter5.html

Personally I think it is not only foolish to try to explain away such definite evidence, but it contradicts any kind of honorable approach to the method of interpretation. But I will not count my opinion as better than any others. What do you think?
http://www.mindspring.com/~mamcgee/grace_archaeology.html
http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/arch-nt.html
http://www.bibleevidences.com/archeology.htm

They all tell the same story.
This fact is also very well documented in Evidence that Demands a Verdict.
Mark L, what good would it do for Luke to write fictional histories concerning a period of time in such recent past? His reading audience would not be very interested. Harry Turtledove does not right alternate histories of the last decade. Why would he? There is nothing exciting about writing a alternative history to events so close in the recent past, because readers’ knowledge of reality does not allow room for creative imagination. Luke was writing as a historian, the evidence points to the accuracy and ability he recorded history with. The burden of proof is on you sir to prove to the evidence states otherwise.

Penni

What is the amount of precipitation and temperature needed…….the soil conditions and topography to growing it…….

Octavia

water table, aquifer, wells, caves, karst topography, and geothermal energy???

Myong

thinking about buying these 8 acres. It is described like this-
Topography: Wooded, Undeveloped area, Rezoning possible, Sloping lot

Song

(e.g. hydrologic cycle, topography, windward and leeward slopes, infilitration, wetlands, runoff, climate…??) Thank you very much.

Garnet

I would like to look into moving somewhere else but I want to know what the weather trends are like there first. I live in the dessert and don’t like it. I am looking for places in the United States that get the true four seasons. Ya know snow in the winter (not too much though) and green in the spring, hot summers for swimming, and trees that the leaves change colors and fall off in the autumn. I would also like to find websites that show pictures of the topography and lay out of the land. I would like to move somewhere with disiduous trees - Ya know like oak or maple trees that change colors, and also lakes and streams around! Does anyone out there live in a city/state like this? Do you love it or hate it? Tell me why?

Denise

Each sub is:

12 subwoofer with dual 4-ohm voice coils
fiber cone reinforced with Kevlar with poly-ether-ester surround
Venturi-effect design for maximum cooling of motor structure
power range: 100-500 watts RMS (250 watts per voice coil)
frequency response: 27-250 Hz

The amp is:

RMS Power @ 4-Ohm: 250W x 2
RMS Power @ 2-Ohm: 500W x 2
RMS Power @ 4-Ohm Bridged: 1000W x 1
Bridgeable A/B-Class amplifier topography
Ultra-Fi MOSFET outputs
Illuminated Hifonics logo
PWM MOSFET EXVP
SPC twin turbo torroids with Simpatico coil design
Fully adjustable Accu Cross crossovers include: 24dB low pass crossover, 12dB high pass crossover
Bass boost: 10dB variable bass equalization
Remote bass control included
RCA line outputs - permit amplifier Daisy-Chaining
4 Guage power connections
Dimensions (W/H/D): 15.75 x 9.45 x 2.4

Reynalda

i will be oredering this tomorrow probably so i was wondering if i got it right.

I’m getting two —
PIONEER TS-W3001D4 (TSW3001D4)
12 PREMIER CHAMPION Series PRO 3000W SUBWOOFER

Features:

o 12 Champion Series Pro
o Woofer Cone Material : Interlaced Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber Reinforced
o Surround : Wide-Roll, 3-Layer Fiber Woven Aramid Radial with Honeycomb Cloth
o Voice Coil : Dual 4-Layer, Long Voice Coil
o Voice Coil Wire : Copper
o Voice Coil Bobbin : Phenol Resin Coated Glass Cloth
o Projected Pole Yoke with Vented Pole
o Magnet : Double Stacked 110oz
o Aluminum Die-Cast Rigid Chassis
o Gasket 1-Piece Rubber
o Integrated Single-Sided Silver Compression Terminals
o Max Power : 3000 W
o Nominal Power Handling : 1000 W
o Frequency Response : 18 - 700 Hz
o Sensitivity : 89 dB
o 2 or 8 ohm Capability
o Recommended Enclosure Size : 0.50 ~ 1.0 Cubic Ft
o Mounting Depth : 7.5

hooked up to this amp at a 1ohm load –
HIFONICS BXi2008D MONO Class-D 2000W BRUTUS Series 25TH Anniversary AMPLIFIER

Features:

o 1-Channel Mono-Block Operation
o 650 Watts RMS x 1 @ 4-Ohms
o 1300 Watts RMS x 1 @ 2-Ohms
o 2000 Watts RMS x 1 @ 1-Ohms
o SUPER D-Class Amplifier Topography
o Ultra-Fi MOSFET Outputs
o Illuminated HIFONICS Logo
o PWM MOSFET EXVP (Exponential Vari-Power Supply)
o SPC Twin Turbo-Torroids with Simpatico Coil Design
o Fully Adjustable Accu Cross Crossover
+ 24dB Subsonic Filter (Adjust 15Hz~35Hz)
o Phase Shift Adjustments (0 to 180 Degrees)
o 24dB Low-Pass Crossover (Adjust 35Hz~250Hz)
o Bass Boost : Variable Equalization (+10dB @ 45Hz)
o Remote Bass Control Included
o Balanced Line Inputs with optional Hifonics MM-BLD-1
o Gold RCA Line Outputs
+ Permits Amplifier Daisy Chaining
+ 0.2V to 9V Signal Level
o 4-Gauge Power Connectors

* SPECIFICATIONS
o Amplifier Class : Class-D
o Number of Channels : 1-Channel
o Maximum Power : 2000 Watts
o RMS Power Output @ 4 Ohms : 650 Watts x 1-Channel
o RMS Power Output @ 2 Ohms : 1300 Watts x 1-Channel
o Bridged Power : N/A
o THD : 0.08%
o Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB) : 95dB
o Frequency Response (Hz) : N/A
o Built-in Crossover : Yes
o High-Pass Crossover Frequency : N/A
o Low-Pass Crossover Frequency : 35Hz~250Hz
o Bass Boost : 0dB~10dB
o Bass Remote : Yes
o Fan Cooled : N/A
o Fuse Rating : 200A Dimensions (Width x Height x Length) Inches : 9.45 x 2.52 x 14.97
o Approximate Weight : 15.6 LBS

the sub woofers will go in this box –
HBX 12VEGA 12 Dual Ported MDF Sub woofer Box

I was told i needed a capacitor so i’m going to get this one-

SPL CP5.0 (CP50) 5-Farad 5000W Digital Power CAPACITOR

Features:

o Digital Hybrid Power Capacitor
o 5 Farad
o 24 Volts DC
o Blue LED Lights
o Brushed Aluminum with Black Mesh Jacket
o Chrome Mounting Brackets

This amp install kit –

EARTHQUAKE AK-5000 (AK5000 4-Gauge 5000W Complete Amplifier Installation KIT

* Includes:
o Red Power Wire : 17 ft : 4-Gauge
o Black Ground Wire : 3 ft : 4-Gauge
o Speaker Wire : 20 ft : 16-Gauge
o Blue Remote Turn On Wire : 16 ft : 16-Gauge
o Silver Twisted-Pair RCA Interconnect : 6 ft : Straight
o Black Split Loom : 6 ft : OD 8mm
o Gold Plated ANL Fuse Holder : ANL Fuse : 150 A
o 4 x 4 Gauge Gold O Ring Terminal : 2 Red / 2 Black
o 2 x 4 Gauge Gold U Ring Terminal : 1 Red / 1 Black
o 4 x 14-16 Gold gauge U Terminal for speaker terminals on amp : 2 red / 2 black
o 1 x 16-22 Gauge butt connector for remote turn-on wire : 1 red
o 1 x self tapping screw : 1 tinned
o 10 x black cable ties : 120mm long
o 1 x grommets in black

and this speaker wire:

AVS SPW12-50 12GA 50FT SPEAKER WIRE

Adrien

1. brief discussion of the country’s relevant history
2.geographical setting ( location,climate,topography)
3.social institutions( family, the nuclear family, the extended family) ( dynamics of the family, parental roles, marriage and courtship, female/male roles — changing or static?
4. Education ( the role of education in society:
primary education( quality, levels of development,etc)
secondary education ( quality, levels of development,etc)
higher education ( quality, levels of development,etc)
literacy rates
5. Political system ( structure,parties,stability of gov., special taxes, role of local gov)
6. legal system ( organization of the judicary system, code,common,socialist law country? participation in patents,trademarks,and other conventions)
7. social organizations( group behavior, social classes,clubs,race,ethnicity and subcultures)
8.business customs and practices
9. religion ( orthodox doctrines and structures,relationship with ppl,prominent religion
continued:
membership of each religion,any powerful or influential cults?
10. Aesthetics: visual arts( fine arts,plastics,graphics,public art,colors)
music, drama,ballet,and other performing arts, folklore and relevant symbols.
ANY HELP IS MUCH APPRECIATED THANKS ALOT

Zula